The Church and the Middle Ages Essay - 596 Words

The Church and the Middle Ages The Middle Ages were a period in Europe dating from the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, around the 5th century. However, the fixing of dates for the beginning and end of the Middle Ages is arbitrary. According to the Norton Anthology, Medieval social theory held that society was made up of three estates: the nobility, composed of a small hereditary aristocracy,...,the church, whose duty was to look after the spiritual welfare of that body, and everyone else...( Norton 76). According to Microsoft Encarta, No one definitive event marks the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. By the end of the 5th century the culmination of several long-term trends, including a severe†¦show more content†¦GRAPH According to Microsoft Encarta, The early Middle Ages drew to a close in the 10th century with the new migrations and invasions, the coming of the Vikings, and the weakening of all forces of European unity and expansion (Microsoft). These acts resulted in violence and dislocation which caused isolation, population to diminish, and the monasteries again became outposts of civilization. During the high Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church became organized into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head in western Europe. He establish supreme power. Many innovations took place in the creative arts during the high Middle Ages. Literacy was no longer merely requirement among the clergy. New readings were addressed to a newly literate public that had both the time and the knowledge to enjoy the work. The late Middle Ages were characterized by conflict. Towns and cities began to grow in alarming numbers; the new towns wanted to have their own self-control. They wanted to be free of outside leadership. One result of this struggle was the intensification of political and social thinking. In the late medieval period, there was a ugre for the direct experience with God, whether through private, interior ecstasy or mystical illumination. Christ and the apostles presented an image of radical simplicity, and using the life ofShow MoreRelatedThe Church Of The Middle Ages3873 Words   |  16 PagesThe Church is a highly acclaimed power that is still in power to this day. The Pope is still in power and the Catholic Church has been in power for almost 2000 years. The Church has a huge following and many people follow it blindly. Though there is no feudal system to put the Church on top and there is now a separation of Church and State, it was not always like that. The Church’s history is anything but pure. It constantly used it’s power against those that relied on the Church for answers andRead MoreMedieval Church And The Middle Ages1435 Words   |  6 Pages The time period lasting from approximately 800-1500 A.D. was known as the Middle Ages. The most important component of the Middle Ages was feudalism, a system of social hierarchy. In the European feudal pyramid, the uppermost ranking was the king, followed by nobles and church officials, knights, and peasants. One’s social ranking determined their place in society as well as their amount of power. The manor system was the economic system associated with feudalism. In the manorial system, a landownerRead MoreThe Catholic Church And The Middle Ages1283 Words   |  6 PagesTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE AGES I wanted to do this research paper on the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages because the church has always fascinated me. I have always found the history and the corruption of the Catholic Church to be of great interest and when I read in Robinson Crusoe, when he stated something to the effect that he would rather be captured by cannibals than catholic priests , I decided to do this paper on the Catholic Church. I thought it was a very interesting statementRead MoreThe Church in the Middle Ages Essay2025 Words   |  9 PagesThe Church in the Middle Ages By The Middle Ages, one understands a relatively long historical period extending from the end of the Roman Empire to the 1500s. The conquest of The Roman Empire by Germanic tribes, and synthesis of Germanic and Roman ways of life formed the civilization which we call medieval (medieval-from Latin words; medium (middle) and aevum (age)). Medieval civilization was greatly influenced by the Muslims in Spain and The Middle East, and by Byzantine Empire and ChristiansRead MoreThe Church during the Middle Ages1613 Words   |  6 PagesThe Middle Ages were a time that revolved around Christianity and converting or killing off all those who were not Christian. As a result, strict laws were put in place that prohibited the practices that weren’t Christian. This also meant anything that was pagan was prohibited and punishable by death. There were many practices that would be considered pagan, but the main ones of concern were the things the Church did not approve. Of the things the Church did not approve magic, like witchcraft, andRead MoreEssay on Middle Ages- Catholic Church1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages was a time of rebirth for the Church. The Church had a growing amount of power, and used this power to get messages sent to its followers. One important message created an ever-growing distance between believes and nonbelievers of the Church. Throughout the Middle Ages there have been inconsistencies with the doctrines and actions of the Church. There is one constant within the Church, throughout the Middle Ages the Church has opposed outsiders and has mistreated those outsiders fromRead MoreThe Christian Church in the Middle Ages Essay1114 Words   |  5 PagesThe Christian Church in the Middle Ages The Christian Church in the Middle Ages played a significant role in society. Unfortunately though, the church is often regarded as the capital of corruption, evil, and worldliness. Today, so many people depict the medieval church as being led by materialistic popes, devouring tithes from poverty-stricken peasants, having various illegitimate children, and granting indulgences for money from wayward believers. Yes, circumstances like this may have beenRead MoreThe Church: The Guardian of Culture in the Middle Ages1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle Ages were characterized by a rigidly hierarchical society, which was justified by the view that, like the branches of a tree, every level of society was preordained and important. While the nobility and the clergy stood at the top of the society hierarchy, Jews and those who pursued dishonorable professions were branded outsiders. The Church acted as guardian of culture, particularly within its monasteries and convents. They preserved the scholarship of antiquity, often through theRead MoreThe Decline of the Medieval Church at the End of the Middle Ages678 Words   |  3 PagesTowards the end of the Middle Ages and into the duration of the Renaissance, the Medieval Church’s social and political power dwindled. Centuries prior the Catholic Church gained a surplus of control, largely due to the stability it maintained during the chaotic breakdown of the Western Roman Empire . Yet toward the end of the Middle Ages the Church set in motion factors that would ultimately lead to its downfall as the definitive figure of authority. However, despite political and social controversyRead MoreThe Changes in the Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages972 Words   |  4 PagesRoman Catholic Church became divided when the King of France decided to replace the current Italian Pope with one that he elected. During the Great Schism, there were two popes claiming authority over the Catholic Church. Following the sp lit, the papal offices began to lose their authority. Ultimately, the cardinals of both popes decided that an ecumenical council of godly men could collectively possess more divine authority that just one pope. In 1409 at the council of Pisa, the church council was

Chaos in King Lear - as Reflec Essays - 981 Words

A device which Shakespeare often utilized to convey the confusion and chaos within the plot of his plays, is the reflection of that confusion and chaos in the natural environment of the setting, along with supernatural anomalies and animal imageries. In King Lear, these devices are used to communicate the plot, which is summarized by Gloucester as: #8230;This villain of mine comes under the prediction: there#8217;s son against father. The King falls from bias of nature: there#8217;s father against child. (Act 1, Sc.1, 115 - 118) The #8220;bias of nature#8221; is defined as the natural inclination of the world. Throughout the play King Lear, the unnatural inclination of nature, supernatural properties and animal†¦show more content†¦(Act 1. Sc. 2, 125 - 133) As a result of the irrational acts of trust by Lear and Gloucester, the state of England crumbled due to corruptness and treachery of Regan, Goneril and Edmund. At the point of ultimate chaos, Lear is disdained by his two evil daughters and has none of the power and honour of his kingship, and the state of nature reflects this chaos in the form of a tumultuous storm: Blow winds and crack you cheeks! Rage, blow! #8230; Crack nature#8217;s molds, all germens spill at once That makes ingrateful man. (Act 3, Sc. 2, 1 - 11) This is evident that the chaotic state of the plot is reflected by the chaotic state of nature. This storm also enters the play at a point where Lear can be observed as near madness in his mental state. Lear#8217;s unstable emotions causes him to remain in the rain, even as Kent has found a place of shelter: The Body#8217;s delicate. This tempest in my mind Doth my senses take all feeling else Save what beats there. (Act 3, Sc. 4, 15 - 17) From Lear#8217;s emotions of disgust towards his ungrateful older daughters, comes words of malice depicting his two daughters as conniving animals which have wounded the parent. Lear proclaimed Goneril and Regan as

Text Materials And Essential Cases Sydney †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Text Materials And Essential Cases Sydney? Answer: Introducation Eric purchased few assets where the tenure was not provided. This gives a clear indication that the assets have been kept under hold below 12 months. When it comes to the concept of capital gain tax it comes to the forefront that capital gain is applicable when the time span goes ahead 12 months. Hence, from the matter it can be ensured that the time limit remained below 12 months hence, the application of tax does not come to the forefront. For the implementation of capital gain tax, it is important that the time limit must be beyond 18 months. Net capital gain or loss (Calculation) Assets for personal utilization The purchase of assets has been done for self-utilization. However, the sale of such assets does not attract the concept of capital gain because for the amount of the assets exceeds $10000. In this scenario, it needs to be noted that a home theatre was purchased by Eric for an amount of $12000 and hence is free from the clutches of capital gain tax (Kenny et. al, 2017). Since the assets are acquired for the purpose of personal utilization it does not attract capital gain tax. Collectibles Even in this scenario, the assets are purchased for self-utilization and hence, not taken under the ambit of the capital gain tax. As per the section of the capital gain tax if the value of the assets exceeds $500 then it is not considered under the capital gain tax. The following assets were acquired like painting for $9000, antique chair for $3000 and antique vase costing $2000 (Latimer, 2012). Investment The investment comes under the ambit of the capital gain tax as the investment pertains to a reputed company and it did for the purpose of appreciating the wealth. Since it is an investment it will attract capital gain tax. Capital gain is computed by subtraction of the base cost of assets from the capital proceeds 9Woellner et. al, 2017). Particulars Cost of assets Proceeds from assets Net Capital Gain/Loss Home Sound System 12,000 11000 (1000) Painting 9,000 1000 (8000) Antique Vase 2,000 3000 1000 Antique Chair 3,000 1000 (2000) Listed companys shares 5,000 20000 15000 Total Net capital gain= 5000 Footnotes: When assets are stored and are purchased of an amount exceeding $10000 then they are under the ambit of the capital gain tax. The assets that are kept under storage by Eric exceeded $500 and hence considered for capital gain. In this case, Brain took a loan of $1 million that attracted an interest rate of 1% and payable each month with the total payment in a span of three years. It needs to be noted that the interest rate chargeable to Brain is less than the interest rates that can be defined as the loan (fringe benefit). It is a concessional loan because the loan is lower than the interest rate prevailing in the market. It is important that the computation of tax on loan fringe benefit must be done if the interest rate of the current scenario is considered. When the loan was provided to Brain, the rate of interest stood at 6.5% that needs to be considered to know the tax benefit (Nethercott et.al, 2013). Computation of tax on the loan fringe benefit The interest offered on the loan should be deducted from the interest rate that prevailed to compute the tax. Therefore, the total value will not consider the interest in the loan. Interest on loan (Actual interest rate) = $1000000* 1% = 10000 Statutory interest rate (loan interest) = =$1000000*5.65% = 56500 Therefore, the value of tax $56,500 - $10,000 = $46,500 Considering the 40% of the loan is invested in offers. Tax deductible interest = $56,500 * 40% = $22,600. Amount of Tax deductible interest = $10,000*40%= $4000 It needs to be noted that the final taxable value must be deducted from the imaginary interest = $22,600 - $4000 = $18,600. The calculation of final taxable amount = $46,500 - $18,600 = $27,900. If the interest of the loan fringe benefit is paid after the tenure of the loan and not in monthly EMIS then the loan tenure will be computed from the tenure till the date when the interest is billed, hence, if Brian is left by the bank for the payment of the interest on loan then the computation will follow the mechanism above. The noteworthy difference will remain in the fact that the interest rate will be rejected (Pratt Kulsrud, 2013). It was decided by Jack and Jill that to take a property on rent by taking a loan. It was concluded that the profit distribution coming from the particular business will be distributed in a way that his wife Jill will be offered 90% of it while Jack will only be presented with 10%. It is also written in the agreement that all the losses occurred in the business will be the responsibility of Jack. A loss of $10000 was spotted last year in the business and it is fully the responsibility of Jack to pay it off. The losses occurred will be deducted from Jacks income and the profit he has gained during the business. This will be helpful in the deduction of tax. If it is found that Jack has no income source, then the losses will be carried forward to the next month (Saunders, 2015). Profit and loss are the two situations which will arise if the couple decides to sell off the property. If profit arises through the business, then the gainings should be separately divided as in accordance with the agreement which clearly highlights a dominating value of 90% of Jill over the minor 10% of Jack. By the usage of this profit, it is possible for Jack to settle off the losses of the past year. It might also be seen that the business has been in a loss as a whole and thus the full loss shall be borne by Jack. All these losses can be settled from Jacks income and if hes not having ones then the losses can be carried forward to the next year to be deducted from some supplementary sources. All this explains that Jack can have a possibility to settle all the losses of the past year by the gain arisen from selling the property. But if the above statement fails and profit changes to loss then Jack will have to bear the full loss aroused. Jill has no relation to the payment of losses of the company. All this states that Jill cannot be affected by the tax valid on the loss while it will surely affect Jack as he has to record the same in his book of accounts. All entities or individual possess a fundamental and legal right to manage his business account in a manner to an extent to minimize the tax on their total income. Tax Authorities in the state revenue department is not necessarily obliged to increase the tax payable by the assessee even if he finds some provisioning so long as it has been done within the framework of legal provisions. The proposition was well-established in the judgment of case IRC v Duke of Westminster (1936) AC 1. The proposition will be applied so long as the taxpayer or an entity manage his books of accounts in accordance with the rules and regulations laid down in the income tax rules and can be established in the court of law (Kobestky, 2005). The principle set up by the rivalry between IRC and Duke of Westminster [1936] AC 1 was as follows: It is the right of every person to intelligently decrease the tax amount payable in such a way that it is minimum in value and this all can be done by deliberately altering the accounting data and the investments carried out. Till date the procedures carried out by the person is legal, the procedures are valid and no question can be asked in accordance with the steps followed not by the Commissioners of Inland Revenue also. But a major uphold of this right is that the steps followed by a person should be legally aligned with the laws and rules put up in accordance with the income tax rules made by the higher courts (Hopewell, 2012). So long as the books of accounts are compiled and the documents in relation to detail entries in the books are furnished by the taxpayer are genuine in nature, then the judiciary shall not consider every document based on concealed evidence on the following propositions: All the entities or the individual possess the right to keep his books of accounts, in accordance with the law, to maintain in such a manner to reduce the burden of the tax payable to the government (Kenny, 2016). When the authorities found no mistakes in the books of accounts and there is no deviation in keeping the records in an authentic manner, then no additional tax liability will be imposed (Kenny, 2016). So long as the transactions are within the framework of law and established in the system no one can challenge that the significance of the transaction contrasts with as described by the taxpayer in his submission (Fullerton et. al, 2017) Although this regulation was not altered over the years new laws had come into existence, the significance of the said law has lost its merit in current juncture, as because the approach of scrutinizing the boos of accounts are been differentiated. Still, the regulation has some importance in the current scenario. Any transaction in the books of accounts which is in the interest in helping in running the business smoothly in accordance with the law without avoiding any taxes than it is precisely impeccable in doing so. The rule holds merit so long as it restricts the entities from manipulating the figures and allows the entities or individual to carry out the business within the framework of law (Fullerton et. al, 2017). Take the example, when a business entity is suffering from huge losses and is unable to pay off its debt, it can take steps to write off its fixed assets at the current value in the balance sheet, even if the entity does not hold any authentic document to prove the transaction. But in case of the entity involved in manipulation and suppress vital informations from the stakeholders, then the law will take its own course and bar the entity from manipulating with the facts (Sadiq et. al, 2017). Bill in his possession owns a big parcel of land having lots of long pine trees, he wants to utilize the land for sheep farming, so he must remove the whole lot of pine trees from the land. For every 100 meters of timber from the trees, he shall receive $1000 from a timber company. Here the question arises that whether any tax on receipt arises in the deal as the quantum of the amount in the deal is not ascertained in the selling of the timber. Therefore, the money received can be considered as revenue receipt derived from the sale of timber by Bill from Timber Company. Accordingly, by treating the amount as revenue receipt in the accounts by Bill, there shall be no capital gain tax is applicable in this transaction (Woellner et. al, 2017). In another scenario, when Bill agrees to sell its rights to a timber company to cut the trees and remove the timber from the land for a lump sum amount of $ 50000, then this transaction shall be treated as capital receipt because firstly he had agreed to sell his right to cut the trees from his land and secondly the deal is on a fixed onetime payment from the company. Therefore, it shall be considered as capital receipt and accordingly liable to pay capital gain taxes (Woellner et. al, 2017). In conclusion, in both the scenario, Bill shall get the money. Firstly, by selling his trees in trenches, where he gets small but regular payment which comes under revenue receipt attracts a normal rate of taxes. Whereas, in the second case he agrees to give to give away his rights for a fixed amount of $50000, which may be treated as the selling of an asset leading to attract capital gain tax. References Fullerton, I.G, Deutsch, R, Friezer, M.L, Hanley,P Snape, T 2017, The Australian Tax Handbook Tax Return Edition 2017, Thomson Reuters: Australia Kenny, B. V 2016, Australian Tax 2016, Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited Kenny, P, Blissenden, M, Villios, S 2017, Australian Tax 2017, Thomson Reuters: Australia Kobestky, M 2005, Income Tax: Text, Materials and Essential Cases, Sydney: The Federation Press Latimer, P 2012, Australian Business Law 2012, 31st ed, Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Hopewell, L 2012, Australia tax inquiry opens submissions, viewed 17 September 2017, www.zdnet.com.au. Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos,K. 2013, Australian Taxation Study Manual, Sydney. Pratt, J. W Kulsrud, W N 2013, Federal Taxation, Oxford university press. Sadiq, K, Coleman, C , Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan,S, Krever, R, Obst, R, Teoh, J Ting, A 2017, Principles of Taxation Law 2017, Law book Australia Saunders, C 2015, The Australian Constitution, Carlton: Constitutional Centenary Foundation Woellner,R, Barkoczy,S, Murphy,S, Evans, C Pinto, D 2017, Australian taxation law 2017, Oxford University Press

The Baroque Period list Essay Example For Students

The Baroque Period list Essay The Baroque period originated in 1600 and ended in 1750 2. The Peterson is the estate of Peter the Great, in SST. Petersburg Russia. Bartholomew Reasserts models it. This building was key symbol of the era. 3. Baroque painters used various colors and deep shadows to create a rich texture this can be seen in the piece Rembrandt painted The Storm on the Sea of Galilee. 4. In the baroque period there was a intense dispute over religion. We will write a custom essay on The Baroque Period list specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now John Bunyan (1628-1688) was an English Protestant writer and a Astor. He is most famous for composing The Pilgrims Progress. Another important Protestant writer of the time is John Gill. He was an English theologian who wrote A Body of Doctrinal Divinity in 1767. 5. Three famous baroque scientists were Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilee and Francis Bacon. Galileo Galilee was an astronomer and invented the telescope, Isaac Newton created the laws of motion and Francis Bacon invented the bacon method 6. An opera is a play where everything is vocally reduced along with orchestral accompaniment and incorporates many aspects of spoken theatre such as acting. An example is Jus Boggling and Robert Merrill, the pearl fishers duet. 7. Music was used as entertainment at the courts of the nobility. Music was very scarce and was treated very valuably as there was no way of listening other than live music. 8. Baroque music in churches was sung by choirs, often with organs, wind string and percussion instruments complementing them. Most people were taught in orphanages to study and play music, although musical instruments were only for the rich and privileged